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This information is relayed to the transmitter, which then updates the data constellation with a new probability distribution such that constellation points with more errors are used less frequently. A known training sequence with uniform distribution is transmitted, and the errors at each constellation point are counted at the receiver. Specifically, the error feedback enables solving an optimization problem to find the distribution that maximizes the mutual information between the input and output of the channel without knowledge of the channel itself. Our approach is to adaptively modify the distribution of transmitted symbols based on errors at the receiver, and assumptions about the channel model are not required. We simulate and experimentally demonstrate a feedback-based probabilistic constellation shaping (FB-PCS) of a 10В Gbaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signal.

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Example: (photons AND downconversion) - pump.Example: (diode OR solid-state) AND laser.Note the Boolean sign must be in upper-case. Separate search groups with parentheses and Booleans.Keep it simple - don't use too many different parameters.The pilot symbols are used for at least one of channel, frequency, and phase tracking at a receiving station.

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The network device also includes creating means for creating a near to full orthogonal matrix over time and frequency using the fewest number of pilot symbols. The network device includes generating means for generating the set of known pilot symbols to be transmitted for each of the plurality of transmit sources and inserting means for inserting pilot symbols for each of the plurality of transmit sources. A network device for transmitting a set of known pilot symbols in a communications system utilizing a plurality of transmit sources. Transmission de symboles pilotes pour systГЁmes de communication Г Г©mission multiple Publication Гњbertragung von Pilotsymbolen fГјr mehrere Sendekommunikationssysteme Title (fr) Pilot symbol transmission for multiple-transmit communication systems Title (de) EP 1622288 B1 20121024 - Pilot symbol transmission for multiple-transmit communication systems Title (en)

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